Jihad & Expeditions

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ السَّرْحِ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ عَنْ حَيْوَةَ بْنِ شُرَيْحٍ وَابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ عَنْ أَسْلَمَ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ قَالَ غَزَوْنَا مِنْ الْمَدِينَةِ نُرِيدُ الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةَ وَعَلَی الْجَمَاعَةِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ وَالرُّومُ مُلْصِقُو ظُهُورِهِمْ بِحَائِطِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَحَمَلَ رَجُلٌ عَلَی الْعَدُوِّ فَقَالَ النَّاسُ مَهْ مَهْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ يُلْقِي بِيَدَيْهِ إِلَی التَّهْلُکَةِ فَقَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ إِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِينَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ لَمَّا نَصَرَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ وَأَظْهَرَ الْإِسْلَامَ قُلْنَا هَلُمَّ نُقِيمُ فِي أَمْوَالِنَا وَنُصْلِحُهَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَی وَأَنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيکُمْ إِلَی التَّهْلُکَةِ فَالْإِلْقَائُ بِالْأَيْدِي إِلَی التَّهْلُکَةِ أَنْ نُقِيمَ فِي أَمْوَالِنَا وَنُصْلِحَهَا وَنَدَعَ الْجِهَادَ قَالَ أَبُو عِمْرَانَ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ يُجَاهِدُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ حَتَّی دُفِنَ بِالْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةِ

Narrated Abu Ayyub: Abu Imran said: We went out on an expedition from Madina with the intention of (attacking) Constantinople. Abdur Rahman ibn Khalid ibn al-Walid was the leader of the company. The Romans were just keeping their backs to the walls of the city. A man (suddenly) attacked the enemy. Thereupon the people said: Stop! Stop! There is no god but Allah. He is putting himself into danger. Abu Ayyub said: This verse was revealed about us, the group of the Ansar (the Helpers). When Allah helped His Prophet ﷺ and gave Islam dominance, we said (i. e. thought): Come on! Let us stay in our property and improve it. Thereupon Allah, the Exalted, revealed, "And spend of your substance in the cause of Allah, and make not your hands contribute to (your destruction)". To put oneself into danger means that we stay in our property and commit ourselves to its improvement, and abandon fighting (i. e. jihad). Abu Imran said: Abu Ayyub continued to strive in the cause of Allah until he (died and) was buried in Constantinople.

أَسْلَمَ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ ← يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ ← حَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ، وَابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، ← ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، ← أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ السَّرْحِ،

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو تَوْبَةَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ عَنْ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَکِ عَنْ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ عَنْ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ بُکَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ عَنْ ابْنِ مِکْرَزٍ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رَجُلٌ يُرِيدُ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ يَبْتَغِي عَرَضًا مِنْ عَرَضِ الدُّنْيَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا أَجْرَ لَهُ فَأَعْظَمَ ذَلِکَ النَّاسُ وَقَالُوا لِلرَّجُلِ عُدْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَعَلَّکَ لَمْ تُفَهِّمْهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رَجُلٌ يُرِيدُ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ يَبْتَغِي عَرَضًا مِنْ عَرَضِ الدُّنْيَا فَقَالَ لَا أَجْرَ لَهُ فَقَالُوا لِلرَّجُلِ عُدْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَهُ الثَّالِثَةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ لَا أَجْرَ لَهُ

Narrated Abu Hurairah: A man said: Messenger of Allah, a man wishes to take part in jihad in Allah's path desiring some worldly advantage? The Prophet ﷺ said: He will have not reward. The people thought it terrible, and they said to the man: Go back to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, for you might not have made him understand well. He, therefore, (went and again) asked: Messenger of Allah, a man wishes to take part in jihad in Allah's path desiring some worldly advantage? He replied: There is no reward for him. They again said to the man: Return to the Messenger of Allah. He, therefore, said to him third time. He replied: There is no reward for him.

أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا ← ابْنِ مِکْرَزٍ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ ← بُكَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ، ← الْقَاسِمِ، ← ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ ← ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، ← أَبُو تَوْبَةَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ،

حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْوَضَّاحِ عَنْ الْعَلَائِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ عَنْ حَنَانِ بْنِ خَارِجَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ الْجِهَادِ وَالْغَزْوِ فَقَالَ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرٍو إِنْ قَاتَلْتَ صَابِرًا مُحْتَسِبًا بَعَثَکَ اللَّهُ صَابِرًا مُحْتَسِبًا وَإِنْ قَاتَلْتَ مُرَائِيًا مُکَاثِرًا بَعَثَکَ اللَّهُ مُرَائِيًا مُکَاثِرًا يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرٍو عَلَی أَيِّ حَالٍ قَاتَلْتَ أَوْ قُتِلْتَ بَعَثَکَ اللَّهُ عَلَی تِلْکَ الْحَالِ

Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As: Messenger of Allah, tell me about jihad and fighting. He replied: Abdullah ibn Amr, if you fight with endurance seeking from Allah your reward, Allah will resurrect you showing endurance and seeking your reward from Him, but, if you fight for vain show seeking to acquire much, Allah will resurrect you making a vain show and seeking to acquire much. In whatever you fight or are killed, Abdullah ibn Amr, in that state Allah will resurrect you.

عَبْدِ اللہِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ← عَبْدِ اللہِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ← حَنَانِ بْنِ خَارِجَةَ ← الْعَلَائِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ ← مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْوَضَّاحِ ← عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ ← مُسْلِمُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ

حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَقَ عَنْ إِسْمَعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمَّا أُصِيبَ إِخْوَانُکُمْ بِأُحُدٍ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ أَرْوَاحَهُمْ فِي جَوْفِ طَيْرٍ خُضْرٍ تَرِدُ أَنْهَارَ الْجَنَّةِ تَأْکُلُ مِنْ ثِمَارِهَا وَتَأْوِي إِلَی قَنَادِيلَ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ مُعَلَّقَةٍ فِي ظِلِّ الْعَرْشِ فَلَمَّا وَجَدُوا طِيبَ مَأْکَلِهِمْ وَمَشْرَبِهِمْ وَمَقِيلِهِمْ قَالُوا مَنْ يُبَلِّغُ إِخْوَانَنَا عَنَّا أَنَّا أَحْيَائٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ نُرْزَقُ لِئَلَّا يَزْهَدُوا فِي الْجِهَادِ وَلَا يَنْکُلُوا عِنْدَ الْحَرْبِ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ أَنَا أُبَلِّغُهُمْ عَنْکُمْ قَالَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ إِلَی آخِرِ الْآيَةِ

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: The Prophet ﷺ said: When your brethren were smitten at the battle of Uhud, Allah put their spirits in the crops of green birds which go down to the rivers of Paradise, eat its fruit and nestle in lamps of gold in the shade of the Throne. Then when they experienced the sweetness of their food, drink and rest, they asked: Who will tell our brethren about us that we are alive in Paradise provided with provision, in order that they might not be disinterested in jihad and recoil in war? Allah Most High said: I shall tell them about you; so Allah sent down; "And do not consider those who have been killed in Allah's path. " till the end of the verse.

ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ← سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ← أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ ← إِسْمَعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ ← مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَقَ ← عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، ← عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ

حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ بُرْقَانَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي نُشْبَةَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِکٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثَلَاثٌ مِنْ أَصْلِ الْإِيمَانِ الْکَفُّ عَمَّنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَلَا نُکَفِّرُهُ بِذَنْبٍ وَلَا نُخْرِجُهُ مِنْ الْإِسْلَامِ بِعَمَلٍ وَالْجِهَادُ مَاضٍ مُنْذُ بَعَثَنِي اللَّهُ إِلَی أَنْ يُقَاتِلَ آخِرُ أُمَّتِي الدَّجَّالَ لَا يُبْطِلُهُ جَوْرُ جَائِرٍ وَلَا عَدْلُ عَادِلٍ وَالْإِيمَانُ بِالْأَقْدَارِ

Narrated Anas ibn Malik: The Prophet ﷺ said: Three things are the roots of faith: to refrain from (killing) a person who utters, "There is no god but Allah" and not to declare him unbeliever whatever sin he commits, and not to excommunicate him from Islam for his any action; and jihad will be performed continuously since the day Allah sent me as a prophet until the day the last member of my community will fight with the Dajjal (Antichrist). The tyranny of any tyrant and the justice of any just (ruler) will not invalidate it. One must have faith in Divine decree.

اَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِکٍ، ← يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي نُشْبَةَ ← جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُرْقَانَ ← أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ← سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ،

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَنْ الْعَلَائِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ مَکْحُولٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْجِهَادُ وَاجِبٌ عَلَيْکُمْ مَعَ کُلِّ أَمِيرٍ بَرًّا کَانَ أَوْ فَاجِرًا وَالصَّلَاةُ وَاجِبَةٌ عَلَيْکُمْ خَلْفَ کُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ بَرًّا کَانَ أَوْ فَاجِرًا وَإِنْ عَمِلَ الْکَبَائِرَ وَالصَّلَاةُ وَاجِبَةٌ عَلَی کُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ بَرًّا کَانَ أَوْ فَاجِرًا وَإِنْ عَمِلَ الْکَبَائِرَ

Narrated Abu Hurairah: The Prophet ﷺ said: Striving in the path of Allah (jihad) is incumbent on you along with every ruler, whether he is pious or impious; the prayer is obligatory on you behind every believer, pious or impious, even if he commits grave sins; the (funeral) prayer is incumbent upon every Muslim, pious and impious, even if he commits major sins.

أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، ← مَكْحُولٌ ← الْعَلَائُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ ← مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ← ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، ← أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ،

حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَمْرٍو أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَابِرًا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ الْحَرْبُ خُدَعَةٌ

Jabir reported the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying “War is deception. ”

جَابِرًا ← عَمْرٍو أَنَّهُ ← سُفْيَانَ، ← سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ،

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ ثَوْرٍ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ کَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِکٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ کَانَ إِذَا أَرَادَ غَزْوَةً وَرَّی غَيْرَهَا وَکَانَ يَقُولُ الْحَرْبُ

Narrated Kab ibn Malik: When the Prophet ﷺ intended to go on an expedition, he always pretended to be going somewhere else, and he would say: War is deception. Abu Dawud said: Only Mamar has transmitted this tradition. By this he refers to his statement "War is deception" through this chain of narrators. He narrated it from the tradition of Amr bin Dinar from Jabir, and from the tradition of Mamar from Hammam bin Munabbih on the authority of Abu Hurairah.

أَبِيهِ ← عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، ← الزُّهْرِيِّ، ← مَعْمَرٌ، ← ابْنُ ثَوْرٍ ← مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ،

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُوحٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا عِکْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سِمَاکٌ الْحَنَفِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ لَمَّا کَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ فَأَخَذَ يَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْفِدَائَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مَا کَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَکُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَی حَتَّی يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِلَی قَوْلِهِ لَمَسَّکُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ مِنْ الْفِدَائِ ثُمَّ أَحَلَّ لَهُمْ اللَّهُ الْغَنَائِمَ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد سَمِعْت أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ يُسْأَلُ عَنْ اسْمِ أَبِي نُوحٍ فَقَالَ إِيشْ تَصْنَعُ بِاسْمِهِ اسْمُهُ اسْمٌ شَنِيعٌ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد اسْمُ أَبِي نُوحٍ قُرَادٌ وَالصَّحِيحُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ غَزْوَانَ

Umar bin Al Khattab said “During the battle of Badr, the Prophet ﷺ took ransom”. Thereupon Allaah Most High sent down “It is not fitting for an Messenger that he should have prisoners of war until he hath thoroughly subdued the land. You look on the temporal goods of this world, but Allaah looketh to the Hereafter”. And Allaah is exalted in might and Wise. Had it not been for a previous ordainment from Allaah, a severe penalty would have reached you for the (ransom) that you took. Allaah then made the spoils of war lawful. Abu Dawud said “I heard that Ahmad bin Hanbal was asked about the name of Abu Nuh”. He said “What will you do with his name? His name is a bad one. Abu Dawud said “the name of Abu Nuh is Qurad. What is correct is that his name is Abd Al Rahman bin Ghazwan.

عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، ← ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ← سِمَاكٍ الْحَنَفِيِّ ← عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ ← أَبُو نُوحٍ ← أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَی بْنِ فَارِسٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ يَعْنِي الْوَهْبِيَّ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ إِسْحَقَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَالزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ قَالَ کَتَبَ نَجْدَةُ الْحَرُورِيُّ إِلَی ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ النِّسَائِ هَلْ کُنَّ يَشْهَدْنَ الْحَرْبَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهَلْ کَانَ يَضْرِبُ لَهُنَّ بِسَهْمٍ قَالَ فَأَنَا کَتَبْتُ کِتَابَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ إِلَی نَجْدَةَ قَدْ کُنَّ يَحْضُرْنَ الْحَرْبَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَمَّا أَنْ يُضْرَبَ لَهُنَّ بِسَهْمٍ فَلَا وَقَدْ کَانَ يُرْضَخُ لَهُنَّ

Yazid bin HUmruz said “Najdah Al Hururi wrote to Ibn Abbas asking him whether the women participated in battle along with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and whether they were allotted a share from the spoils. I (Yazid bin Hurmuz) wrote a letter on behalf of Ibn Abbas to Najdah. They participated in the battle along with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, but no portion (from the spoils) was allotted to them, they were given only a little of it.

نَجْدَةُ الْحَرُورِيُّ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَسْأَلُهُ ← يَزِيدَ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ ← أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَالزُّهْرِيِّ ← ابْنِ إِسْحَقَ ← أحمد بن خالد يعني الوهبي ← مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَی بِنِ فَارِسٍ

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَائِ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ إِسْحَقَ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ وَمَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَکَمِ أَنَّهُمْ اصْطَلَحُوا عَلَی وَضْعِ الْحَرْبِ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ يَأْمَنُ فِيهِنَّ النَّاسُ وَعَلَی أَنَّ بَيْنَنَا عَيْبَةً مَکْفُوفَةً وَأَنَّهُ لَا إِسْلَالَ وَلَا إِغْلَالَ

Al Miswar bin Makhramah and Marwan bin Al Hakam said “They agreed to abandon war for ten years during which the people which have security on the basis that there should be sincerity between them and that there should be not theft or treachery.

عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، ← الزُّهْرِيِّ، ← ابْنِ إِسْحَقَ ← ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، ← مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلائِ

حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ السَّرْحِ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ کَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِکٍ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ کَعْبٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ کَعْبَ بْنَ مَالِکٍ قَالَ کَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا قَدِمَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ بَدَأَ بِالْمَسْجِدِ فَرَکَعَ فِيهِ رَکْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ لِلنَّاسِ وَقَصَّ ابْنُ السَّرْحِ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ وَنَهَی رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَنْ کَلَامِنَا أَيُّهَا الثَّلَاثَةُ حَتَّی إِذَا طَالَ عَلَيَّ تَسَوَّرْتُ جِدَارَ حَائِطِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّي فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا رَدَّ عَلَيَّ السَّلَامَ ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ الصُّبْحَ صَبَاحَ خَمْسِينَ لَيْلَةً عَلَی ظَهْرِ بَيْتٍ مِنْ بُيُوتِنَا فَسَمِعْتُ صَارِخًا يَا کَعْبَ بْنَ مَالِکٍ أَبْشِرْ فَلَمَّا جَائَنِي الَّذِي سَمِعْتُ صَوْتَهُ يُبَشِّرُنِي نَزَعْتُ لَهُ ثَوْبَيَّ فَکَسَوْتُهُمَا إِيَّاهُ فَانْطَلَقْتُ حَتَّی إِذَا دَخَلْتُ الْمَسْجِدَ فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَالِسٌ فَقَامَ إِلَيَّ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ يُهَرْوِلُ حَتَّی صَافَحَنِي وَهَنَّأَنِي

Kaab bin Malik said “When the Prophet ﷺ arrived from a journey, he first went to a mosque where he prayed two rak’ahs after which he sat in it and gave audience to the people. The narrator Ibn Al Sarh then narrated the rest of the tradition. He said “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade the Muslims to speak to any three of us. When considerable time had passed on me, I ascended the wall of Abu Qatadah who was my cousin. I saluted him, but, I swear by Allaah he did not return my salutation. I then offered the dawn prayer on the fiftieth day on the roof of one of our houses. I then hear d a crier say “Kaab bin Mailk, have good news”. When the man whose voice I heard came to me giving me good news, I took off my garments and clothed him. I went on till I entered the mosque. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting there. Talhah bin Ubaid Allaah stood up and hastened to me till he shook hands with me and greeted me.

عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، ← ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، ← يُونُسَ ← ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، ← ابْنُ السَّرْحِ

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَی بْنُ إِسْمَعِيلَ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ أَخْبَرَنَا ثَابِتٌ الْبُنَانِيُّ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِکٍ أَنَّ فَتًی مِنْ أَسْلَمَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ الْجِهَادَ وَلَيْسَ لِي مَالٌ أَتَجَهَّزُ بِهِ قَالَ اذْهَبْ إِلَی فُلَانٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ فَإِنَّهُ کَانَ قَدْ تَجَهَّزَ فَمَرِضَ فَقُلْ لَهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُقْرِئُکَ السَّلَامَ وَقُلْ لَهُ ادْفَعْ إِلَيَّ مَا تَجَهَّزْتَ بِهِ فَأَتَاهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ ذَلِکَ فَقَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ يَا فُلَانَةُ ادْفَعِي لَهُ مَا جَهَّزْتِنِي بِهِ وَلَا تَحْبِسِي مِنْهُ شَيْئًا فَوَاللَّهِ لَا تَحْبِسِينَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا فَيُبَارِکَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ

Anas bin Malik said “A youth of Aslam said “Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I wish to go on an expedition, but I have no property to make myself equipped. He said “go to so and so Ansari who prepared equipment (for the battle), but he fell ill and tell him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has conveyed his regards to you, and then tell him “Give him all the equipment you have made. He came to him and told him that. He said to his wife “O so and so, give him all the equipment I have made and do not detain anything from him. I swear by Allaah, if you detain anything from him, Allaah will not bless it.

أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ فَتًى مِنْ أَسْلَمَ ← ثَابِتٍ الْبُنَانِيِّ ← حَمَّادٌ، ← مُوسَی بْنُ إِسْمَعِيلَ

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْرُوقٍ عَنْ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ قَالَ أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا نَلْقَی الْعَدُوَّ غَدًا وَلَيْسَ مَعَنَا مُدًی أَفَنَذْبَحُ بِالْمَرْوَةِ وَشِقَّةِ الْعَصَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرِنْ أَوْ أَعْجِلْ مَا أَنْهَرَ الدَّمَ وَذُکِرَ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ فَکُلُوا مَا لَمْ يَکُنْ سِنًّا أَوْ ظُفْرًا وَسَأُحَدِّثُکُمْ عَنْ ذَلِکَ أَمَّا السِّنُّ فَعَظْمٌ وَأَمَّا الظُّفْرُ فَمُدَی الْحَبَشَةِ وَتَقَدَّمَ بِهِ سَرْعَانٌ مِنْ النَّاسِ فَتَعَجَّلُوا فَأَصَابُوا مِنْ الْغَنَائِمِ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي آخِرِ النَّاسِ فَنَصَبُوا قُدُورًا فَمَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْقُدُورِ فَأَمَرَ بِهَا فَأُکْفِئَتْ وَقَسَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَعَدَلَ بَعِيرًا بِعَشْرِ شِيَاهٍ وَنَدَّ بَعِيرٌ مِنْ إِبِلِ الْقَوْمِ وَلَمْ يَکُنْ مَعَهُمْ خَيْلٌ فَرَمَاهُ رَجُلٌ بِسَهْمٍ فَحَبَسَهُ اللَّهُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنَّ لِهَذِهِ الْبَهَائِمِ أَوَابِدَ کَأَوَابِدِ الْوَحْشِ فَمَا فَعَلَ مِنْهَا هَذَا فَافْعَلُوا بِهِ مِثْلَ هَذَا

Narrated Rafi bin Khadij: I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: Messenger of Allah, we shall meet the enemy tomorrow and we have no knives with us. May we kill with a sharp-edged white stone (flint) and with splinter of a staff ? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Hasten in slaughtering it. When Allah's name is mentioned you may eat what is killed by anything which causes the blood to flow except tooth and claw. I shall tell you about it. The tooth is a bone, and the claw is the knife of Abyssinians. Some people hastened and went forward, they made haste and got booty, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was in the rear and they setup cooking pots. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed by over the cooking pots. He ordered to turn them over. He then divided (the spoils of war) between them, and gave them a camel for ten goats in equation. One of the camels of the people ran away, and they had no horses with them at that time. A man shot an arrow at it, and Allah prevented it from escaping. The Prophet ﷺ said: Among animals (i. e. camels) there are some which bolt like wild animals ; so when any of them does so, do with it like this.

أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقُلْتُ: ← جَدِّهِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ، ← أَبِيهِ ← عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ، ← سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ ← أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ، ← مُسَدَّدٌ

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي الْحَجَّاجِ أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ الْمُعَلِّمِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّ رِئَابَ بْنَ حُذَيْفَةَ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةَ غِلْمَةٍ فَمَاتَتْ أُمُّهُمْ فَوَرَّثُوهَا رِبَاعَهَا وَوَلَائَ مَوَالِيهَا وَکَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ عَصَبَةَ بَنِيهَا فَأَخْرَجَهُمْ إِلَی الشَّامِ فَمَاتُوا فَقَدَّمَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ وَمَاتَ مَوْلًی لَهَا وَتَرَکَ مَالًا لَهُ فَخَاصَمَهُ إِخْوَتُهَا إِلَی عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا أَحْرَزَ الْوَلَدُ أَوْ الْوَالِدُ فَهُوَ لِعَصَبَتِهِ مَنْ کَانَ قَالَ فَکَتَبَ لَهُ کِتَابًا فِيهِ شَهَادَةُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ وَرَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَلَمَّا اسْتُخْلِفَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِکِ اخْتَصَمُوا إِلَی هِشَامِ بْنِ إِسْمَعِيلَ أَوْ إِلَی إِسْمَعِيلَ بْنِ هِشَامٍ فَرَفَعَهُمْ إِلَی عَبْدِ الْمَلِکِ فَقَالَ هَذَا مِنْ الْقَضَائِ الَّذِي مَا کُنْتُ أَرَاهُ قَالَ فَقَضَی لَنَا بِکِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَنَحْنُ فِيهِ إِلَی السَّاعَةِ

Narrated Amr bin Suhaib: On his father's authority, said that his grandfather reported: Rabab ibn Hudhayfah married a woman and three sons were born to him from her. Their mother then died. They inherited her houses and had the right of inheritance of her freed slaves. Amr ibn al-As was the agnate of her sons. He sent them to Syria where they died. Amr ibn al-As then came. A freed slave of hers died and left some property. Her brothers disputed with him and brought the case to Umar ibn al-Khattab. Umar reported the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: Whatever property a son or a father receives as an heir will go to his agnates, whoever they may be. He then wrote a document for him, witnessed by Abdur Rahman ibn Awf, Zayd ibn Thabit and one other person. When AbdulMalik became caliph, they presented the case to Hisham ibn Ismail or Ismail ibn Hisham (the narrator is doubtful). He sent them to Abd al-Malik who said: This is the decision which I have already seen. The narrator said: So he (Abd al-Malik) made the decision on the basis of the document of Umar ibn al-Khattab, and that is still with us till this moment.

جَدِّهِ، ← أَبِيهِ ← عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ ← حُسَيْنٌ الْمُعَلِّمُ، ← عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ ← عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي الْحَجَّاجِ أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَی الْمَعْنَی قَالَ أَحْمَدُ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ ابْنِ إِسْحَقَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ قَالَ کُنْتُ أَقْرَأُ عَلَی أُمِّ سَعْدٍ بِنْتِ الرَّبِيعِ وَکَانَتْ يَتِيمَةً فِي حِجْرِ أَبِي بَکْرٍ فَقَرَأْتُ وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُکُمْ فَقَالَتْ لَا تَقْرَأْ وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُکُمْ إِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي بَکْرٍ وَابْنِهِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ حِينَ أَبَی الْإِسْلَامَ فَحَلَفَ أَبُو بَکْرٍ أَلَّا يُوَرِّثَهُ فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمَ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَی نَبِيَّهُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام أَنْ يُؤْتِيَهُ نَصِيبَهُ زَادَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ فَمَا أَسْلَمَ حَتَّی حُمِلَ عَلَی الْإِسْلَامِ بِالسَّيْفِ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد مَنْ قَالَ عَقَدَتْ جَعَلَهُ حِلْفًا وَمَنْ قَالَ عَاقَدَتْ جَعَلَهُ حَالِفًا قَالَ وَالصَّوَابُ حَدِيثُ طَلْحَةَ عَاقَدَتْ

Narrated Dawud bin al-Husain: I used to learn the reading of the Quran from Umm Saad, daughter of al-Rabi. She was an orphan in the guardianship of Abu Bakr. I read the Quranic verse "To those also to whom your right hand was pledged. " She said: Do not read the verse; "To those also to whom your right hand was pledged. " This was revealed about Abu Bakr and his son Abdur-Rahman when he refused to accept Islam. Abu Bakr took an oath that he would not give him a share from inheritance. When he embraced Islam Allah Most High commanded His Prophet ﷺ to give him the share. The narrator Abd al-Aziz added: He did not accept Islam until he was urged on Islam by sword. Abu Dawud said: He who narrated the word 'aqadat means a pact ; and he who narrated the word 'aaqadat means the party who made a pact. The correct is the tradition of Talhah ('aaqadat).

لَا تَقْرَأْ وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُکُمْ إِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي بَکْرٍ ← وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُکُمْ ← كانت يتيمة في حجر أبي بكر ← كنت أقرأ على أم سعد بنت الربيع، ← دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ ← ابْنِ إِسْحَقَ ← مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ1، ← أَحْمَدُ، ← أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمَعْنَى

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ حَدَّثَنَا غَالِبٌ الْقَطَّانُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّهُمْ کَانُوا عَلَی مَنْهَلٍ مِنْ الْمَنَاهِلِ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُمْ الْإِسْلَامُ جَعَلَ صَاحِبُ الْمَائِ لِقَوْمِهِ مِائَةً مِنْ الْإِبِلِ عَلَی أَنْ يُسْلِمُوا فَأَسْلَمُوا وَقَسَمَ الْإِبِلَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَرْتَجِعَهَا مِنْهُمْ فَأَرْسَلَ ابْنَهُ إِلَی النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَهُ ائْتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقُلْ لَهُ إِنَّ أَبِي يُقْرِئُکَ السَّلَامَ وَإِنَّهُ جَعَلَ لِقَوْمِهِ مِائَةً مِنْ الْإِبِلِ عَلَی أَنْ يُسْلِمُوا فَأَسْلَمُوا وَقَسَمَ الْإِبِلَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَرْتَجِعَهَا مِنْهُمْ أَفَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا أَمْ هُمْ فَإِنْ قَالَ لَکَ نَعَمْ أَوْ لَا فَقُلْ لَهُ إِنَّ أَبِي شَيْخٌ کَبِيرٌ وَهُوَ عَرِيفُ الْمَائِ وَإِنَّهُ يَسْأَلُکَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لِي الْعِرَافَةَ بَعْدَهُ فَأَتَاهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَبِي يُقْرِئُکَ السَّلَامَ فَقَالَ وَعَلَيْکَ وَعَلَی أَبِيکَ السَّلَامُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَبِي جَعَلَ لِقَوْمِهِ مِائَةً مِنْ الْإِبِلِ عَلَی أَنْ يُسْلِمُوا فَأَسْلَمُوا وَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُمْ ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَرْتَجِعَهَا مِنْهُمْ أَفَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا أَمْ هُمْ فَقَالَ إِنْ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يُسْلِمَهَا لَهُمْ فَلْيُسْلِمْهَا وَإِنْ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَرْتَجِعَهَا فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا مِنْهُمْ فَإِنْ هُمْ أَسْلَمُوا فَلَهُمْ إِسْلَامُهُمْ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُسْلِمُوا قُوتِلُوا عَلَی الْإِسْلَامِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَبِي شَيْخٌ کَبِيرٌ وَهُوَ عَرِيفُ الْمَائِ وَإِنَّهُ يَسْأَلُکَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لِي الْعِرَافَةَ بَعْدَهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْعِرَافَةَ حَقٌّ وَلَا بُدَّ لِلنَّاسِ مِنْ الْعُرَفَائِ وَلَکِنَّ الْعُرَفَائَ فِي النَّارِ

Narrated Ghalib al-Qattan: Ghalib quoted a man who stated on the authority of his father that his grandfather reported: They lived at one of the springs. When Islam reached them, the master of the spring offered his people one hundred camels if they embraced Islam. So they embraced Islam, and he distributed the camels among them. But it occurred to him that he should take the camels back from them. He sent his son to the Prophet ﷺ and said to him: Go to the Prophet ﷺ and tell him: My father extends his greetings to you. He asked his people to give them one hundred camels if they embraced Islam, and they embraced Islam. He divided the camels among them. But it occurred to him then that he should withdraw his camels from them. Is he more entitled to them or we? If he says: Yes or no, then tell him: My father is an old man, and he is the chief of the people living at the water. He has requested you to make me chief after him. He came to him and said: My father has extended his greetings to you. He replied: On you and you father be peace. He said: My father asked his people to give them one hundred camels if they embraced Islam. So they embraced Islam, and their belief in Islam is good. Then it occurred to him that he should take his camels back from them. Is he more entitled to them or are they? He said: If he likes to give them the camels, he may give them; and if he likes to take them back, he is more entitled to them than his people. If they embraced Islam, then for them is their Islam. If they do not embrace Islam, they will be fought against in the cause of Islam. He said: My father is an old man; he is the chief of the people living at the spring. He has asked you to appoint me chief after him. He replied: The office of a chief is necessary, for people must have chiefs, but the chiefs will go to Hell.

جَدِّهِ، ← أَبِيهِ ← رَجُلٌ: ← غَالِبٌ الْقَطَّانُ ← بِشْرُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ ← مُسَدَّدٌ

حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَوْهِبٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عُقَيْلِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَی أَبِي بَکْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِمَّا أَفَائَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَفَدَکَ وَمَا بَقِيَ مِنْ خُمُسِ خَيْبَرَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَکْرٍ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَکْنَا صَدَقَةٌ إِنَّمَا يَأْکُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَا أُغَيِّرُ شَيْئًا مِنْ صَدَقَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ حَالِهَا الَّتِي کَانَتْ عَلَيْهَا فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَأَعْمَلَنَّ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَبَی أَبُو بَکْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَی فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا السَّلَام مِنْهَا شَيْئًا

Narrated Aishah, wife of Prophet ﷺ: Fatimah daughter of Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent a messenger to Abu Bakr demanding from him in inheritance of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from what Allah bestowed on him at Madina and Fadak, and what remained of the fifth of Khaibar. Abu Bakr said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has said: We are not inherited. Whatever we leave is sadaqah. The family of Muhammad will eat from this property. I swear by Allah I shall not change it from the former condition of its being sadaqah as it was in the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. I shall deal with it as the Messenger of Allah dealt with it. Abu Bakr, therefore, refused to give anything to Fatimah from it.

عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ← عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، ← ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، ← عُقَيْلِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، ← اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ← يَزِيدُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ

حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْحِمْصِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ حَدَّثَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَخْبَرَتْهُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ وَفَاطِمَةُ عَلَيْهَا السَّلَام حِينَئِذٍ تَطْلُبُ صَدَقَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّتِي بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَفَدَکَ وَمَا بَقِيَ مِنْ خُمُسِ خَيْبَرَ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَکْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَکْنَا صَدَقَةٌ وَإِنَّمَا يَأْکُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ يَعْنِي مَالَ اللَّهِ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَزِيدُوا عَلَی الْمَأْکَلِ

Narrated Aishah, Ummul Muminin: Fatimah was demanding (the property of) sadaqah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at Madina and Fadak, and what remained from the fifth of Khaybar. Aishah quoted Abu Bakr as saying: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We are not inherited; whatever we leave is sadaqah. The family of Muhammad will eat from this property, that is, from the property of Allah. They will not take more then their sustenance.

عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، ← الزُّهْرِيِّ، ← شُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، ← أَبِي ← عَمْرُو بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْحِمْصِيُّ،

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ عَنْ الْمُغِيرَةِ قَالَ جَمَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بَنِي مَرْوَانَ حِينَ اسْتُخْلِفَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ کَانَتْ لَهُ فَدَکُ فَکَانَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهَا وَيَعُودُ مِنْهَا عَلَی صَغِيرِ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَيُزَوِّجُ مِنْهَا أَيِّمَهُمْ وَإِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ سَأَلَتْهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهَا لَهَا فَأَبَی فَکَانَتْ کَذَلِکَ فِي حَيَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّی مَضَی لِسَبِيلِهِ فَلَمَّا أَنْ وُلِّيَ أَبُو بَکْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَمِلَ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَيَاتِهِ حَتَّی مَضَی لِسَبِيلِهِ فَلَمَّا أَنْ وُلِّيَ عُمَرُ عَمِلَ فِيهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا عَمِلَا حَتَّی مَضَی لِسَبِيلِهِ ثُمَّ أَقْطَعَهَا مَرْوَانُ ثُمَّ صَارَتْ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ عُمَرُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فَرَأَيْتُ أَمْرًا مَنَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهَا السَّلَام لَيْسَ لِي بِحَقٍّ وَأَنَا أُشْهِدُکُمْ أَنِّي قَدْ رَدَدْتُهَا عَلَی مَا کَانَتْ يَعْنِي عَلَی عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد وَلِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْخِلَافَةَ وَغَلَّتُهُ أَرْبَعُونَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ وَتُوُفِّيَ وَغَلَّتُهُ أَرْبَعُ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ وَلَوْ بَقِيَ لَکَانَ أَقَلَّ

Narrated Umar ibn Abdul Aziz: Al-Mughirah (ibn Shubah) said: Umar ibn Abdul Aziz gathered the family of Marwan when he was made caliph, and he said: Fadak belonged to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he made contributions from it, showing repeated kindness to the poor of the Banu Hashim from it, and supplying from it the cost of marriage for those who were unmarried. Fatimah asked him to give it to her, but he refused. That is how matters stood during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ till he passed on (i. e. died). When Abu Bakr was made ruler he administered it as the Prophet ﷺ had done in his lifetime till he passed on. Then when Umar ibn al-Khattab was made ruler he administered it as they had done till he passed on. Then it was given to Marwan as a fief, and it afterwards came to Umar ibn Abdul Aziz. Umar ibn Abdul Aziz said: I consider I have no right to something which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ refused to Fatimah, and I call you to witness that I have restored it to its former condition; meaning in the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Abu Dawud said: When Umar bin Abd al-Aziz was made caliph its revenue was forty thousand dinars, and when he died its revenue was four hundred dinars. Had he remained alive, it would have been less than it.

جَمَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بَنِي مَرْوَانَ حِينَ اسْتُخْلِفَ فَقَالَ ← الْمُغِيرَةِ، ← جَرِيرٌ ← عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ