حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَعِيلَ حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَی بْنُ إِسْمَعِيلَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبَانُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَی بْنُ أَبِي کَثِيرٍ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ أَنَّ أَبَا سَلَّامٍ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ الْحَارِثَ الْأَشْعَرِيَّ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَ يَحْيَی بْنَ زَکَرِيَّا بِخَمْسِ کَلِمَاتٍ أَنْ يَعْمَلَ بِهَا وَيَأْمُرَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنْ يَعْمَلُوا بِهَا وَإِنَّهُ کَادَ أَنْ يُبْطِئَ بِهَا فَقَالَ عِيسَی إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَکَ بِخَمْسِ کَلِمَاتٍ لِتَعْمَلَ بِهَا وَتَأْمُرَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنْ يَعْمَلُوا بِهَا فَإِمَّا أَنْ تَأْمُرَهُمْ وَإِمَّا أَنْ آمُرَهُمْ فَقَالَ يَحْيَی أَخْشَی إِنْ سَبَقْتَنِي بِهَا أَنْ يُخْسَفَ بِي أَوْ أُعَذَّبَ فَجَمَعَ النَّاسَ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ فَامْتَلَأَ الْمَسْجِدُ وَتَعَدَّوْا عَلَی الشُّرَفِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي بِخَمْسِ کَلِمَاتٍ أَنْ أَعْمَلَ بِهِنَّ وَآمُرَکُمْ أَنْ تَعْمَلُوا بِهِنَّ أَوَّلُهُنَّ أَنْ تَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِکُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا وَإِنَّ مَثَلَ مَنْ أَشْرَکَ بِاللَّهِ کَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَی عَبْدًا مِنْ خَالِصِ مَالِهِ بِذَهَبٍ أَوْ وَرِقٍ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ دَارِي وَهَذَا عَمَلِي فَاعْمَلْ وَأَدِّ إِلَيَّ فَکَانَ يَعْمَلُ وَيُؤَدِّي إِلَی غَيْرِ سَيِّدِهِ فَأَيُّکُمْ يَرْضَی أَنْ يَکُونَ عَبْدُهُ کَذَلِکَ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَکُمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ فَإِذَا صَلَّيْتُمْ فَلَا تَلْتَفِتُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَنْصِبُ وَجْهَهُ لِوَجْهِ عَبْدِهِ فِي صَلَاتِهِ مَا لَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ وَآمُرُکُمْ بِالصِّيَامِ فَإِنَّ مَثَلَ ذَلِکَ کَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ فِي عِصَابَةٍ مَعَهُ صُرَّةٌ فِيهَا مِسْکٌ فَکُلُّهُمْ يَعْجَبُ أَوْ يُعْجِبُهُ رِيحُهَا وَإِنَّ رِيحَ الصَّائِمِ أَطْيَبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ رِيحِ الْمِسْکِ وَآمُرُکُمْ بِالصَّدَقَةِ فَإِنَّ مَثَلَ ذَلِکَ کَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ أَسَرَهُ الْعَدُوُّ فَأَوْثَقُوا يَدَهُ إِلَی عُنُقِهِ وَقَدَّمُوهُ لِيَضْرِبُوا عُنُقَهُ فَقَالَ أَنَا أَفْدِيهِ مِنْکُمْ بِالْقَلِيلِ وَالْکَثِيرِ فَفَدَی نَفْسَهُ مِنْهُمْ وَآمُرُکُمْ أَنْ تَذْکُرُوا اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ مَثَلَ ذَلِکَ کَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ خَرَجَ الْعَدُوُّ فِي أَثَرِهِ سِرَاعًا حَتَّی إِذَا أَتَی عَلَی حِصْنٍ حَصِينٍ فَأَحْرَزَ نَفْسَهُ مِنْهُمْ کَذَلِکَ الْعَبْدُ لَا يُحْرِزُ نَفْسَهُ مِنْ الشَّيْطَانِ إِلَّا بِذِکْرِ اللَّهِ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَنَا آمُرُکُمْ بِخَمْسٍ اللَّهُ أَمَرَنِي بِهِنَّ السَّمْعُ وَالطَّاعَةُ وَالْجِهَادُ وَالْهِجْرَةُ وَالْجَمَاعَةُ فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ فَارَقَ الْجَمَاعَةَ قِيدَ شِبْرٍ فَقَدْ خَلَعَ رِبْقَةَ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ عُنُقِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَرْجِعَ وَمَنْ ادَّعَی دَعْوَی الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْ جُثَا جَهَنَّمَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَإِنْ صَلَّی وَصَامَ قَالَ وَإِنْ صَلَّی وَصَامَ فَادْعُوا بِدَعْوَی اللَّهِ الَّذِي سَمَّاکُمْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَی هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ غَرِيبٌ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَعِيلَ الْحَارِثُ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ وَلَهُ غَيْرُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ
Narrated Al-Harith Al-Ash'ari:
that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Indeed Allah commanded Yahya bin Zakariyya with five commandments to abide by, and to command the Children of Isra'il to abide by them. But he was slow in doing so. So 'Eisa said: 'Indeed Allah commanded you with five commandments to abide by and to command the Children of Isra'il to abide by. Either you command them, or I shall command them.' So Yahya said: 'I fear that if you precede me in this, then the earth may swallow me, or I shall be punished.' So he gathered the people in Jerusalem, and they filled [the Masjid] and sat upon its balconies. So he said: 'Indeed Allah has commanded me with five commandments to abide by, and to command you to abide by. The first of them is that you worship Allah and not associate anything with him. The parable of the one who associates others with Allah is that of a man who buys a servant with his own gold or silver, then he says to him: This is my home and this is my business so take care of it and give me the profits. So he takes care of it and gives the profits to someone other than his master. Which of you would live to have a servant like that? And Allah commands you to perform Salat, and when you perform Salat then do not turn away, for Allah is facing the face of His worshipers as long as he does not turn away. And He commands you with fasting. For indeed the parable of fasting, is that of a man in a group with a sachet containing musk. All of them enjoy its fragrance. Indeed the breath of the fasting person is more pleasant to Allah than the scent of musk. And He commands you to give charity. The parable of that, is a man captured by his enemies, tying his hands to his neck, and they come to him to beat his neck. Then he said: I can ransom myself from you with a little or a lot so he ransoms himself from them. And He commands you to remember Allah. For indeed the parable of that, is a man whose enemy quickly tracks him until he reaches an impermeable fortress in which he protects himself from them. This is how the worshiper is; he does not protect himself from Ash-Shaitan except by the remembrance of Allah.' The Prophet (ﷺ) said: And I command you with five that Allah commanded me: Listening and obeying, Jihad, Hijrah, and the Jama'ah. For indeed whoever parts from the Jama'ah the measure of a hand-span, then he has cast off the yoke of Islam from his neck, unless he returns. And whoever calls with the call of Jahiliyyah then he is from the coals of Hell. A man said: O Messenger of Allah! Even if he performs Salat and fasts? So he (ﷺ) said: Even if he performs Salat and fasts. So call with the call that Allah named you with: Muslims, believers, worshipers of Allah.
أَنَّ الْحَارِثَ الْأَشْعَرِيَّ ← زَيْدِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا سَلَّامٍ ← يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، ← أَبَانُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ ← مُوسَی بْنُ إِسْمَعِيلَ ← مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَعِيلَ
Jami at Tirmidhi · Chapters On Parables › What Has Been Related About The Parable Of Salãt, Fasting, And Charity · Hadith 2863
