حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَوْفَی عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ قَالَ طَلَّقْتُ امْرَأَتِي فَأَتَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ لِأَبِيعَ عَقَارًا کَانَ لِي بِهَا فَأَشْتَرِيَ بِهِ السِّلَاحَ وَأَغْزُو فَلَقِيتُ نَفَرًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالُوا قَدْ أَرَادَ نَفَرٌ مِنَّا سِتَّةٌ أَنْ يَفْعَلُوا ذَلِکَ فَنَهَاهُمْ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَالَ لَقَدْ کَانَ لَکُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ فَأَتَيْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ وِتْرِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ أَدُلُّکَ عَلَی أَعْلَمِ النَّاسِ بِوِتْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأْتِ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا فَأَتَيْتُهَا فَاسْتَتْبَعْتُ حَکِيمَ بْنَ أَفْلَحَ فَأَبَی فَنَاشَدْتُهُ فَانْطَلَقَ مَعِي فَاسْتَأْذَنَّا عَلَی عَائِشَةَ فَقَالَتْ مَنْ هَذَا قَالَ حَکِيمُ بْنُ أَفْلَحَ قَالَتْ وَمَنْ مَعَکَ قَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ قَالَتْ هِشَامُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ الَّذِي قُتِلَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَتْ نِعْمَ الْمَرْئُ کَانَ عَامِرٌ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَدِّثِينِي عَنْ خُلُقِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَتْ أَلَسْتَ تَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ فَإِنَّ خُلُقَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ کَانَ الْقُرْآنَ قَالَ قُلْتُ حَدِّثِينِي عَنْ قِيَامِ اللَّيْلِ قَالَتْ أَلَسْتَ تَقْرَأُ يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ قَالَ قُلْتُ بَلَی قَالَتْ فَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ هَذِهِ السُّورَةِ نَزَلَتْ فَقَامَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّی انْتَفَخَتْ أَقْدَامُهُمْ وَحُبِسَ خَاتِمَتُهَا فِي السَّمَائِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا ثُمَّ نَزَلَ آخِرُهَا فَصَارَ قِيَامُ اللَّيْلِ تَطَوُّعًا بَعْدَ فَرِيضَةٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ حَدِّثِينِي عَنْ وِتْرِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَتْ کَانَ يُوتِرُ بِثَمَانِ رَکَعَاتٍ لَا يَجْلِسُ إِلَّا فِي الثَّامِنَةِ ثُمَّ يَقُومُ فَيُصَلِّي رَکْعَةً أُخْرَی لَا يَجْلِسُ إِلَّا فِي الثَّامِنَةِ وَالتَّاسِعَةِ وَلَا يُسَلِّمُ إِلَّا فِي التَّاسِعَةِ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي رَکْعَتَيْنِ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فَتِلْکَ إِحْدَی عَشْرَةَ رَکْعَةً يَا بُنَيَّ فَلَمَّا أَسَنَّ وَأَخَذَ اللَّحْمَ أَوْتَرَ بِسَبْعِ رَکَعَاتٍ لَمْ يَجْلِسْ إِلَّا فِي السَّادِسَةِ وَالسَّابِعَةِ وَلَمْ يُسَلِّمْ إِلَّا فِي السَّابِعَةِ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي رَکْعَتَيْنِ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فَتِلْکَ هِيَ تِسْعُ رَکَعَاتٍ يَا بُنَيَّ وَلَمْ يَقُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَيْلَةً يُتِمُّهَا إِلَی الصَّبَاحِ وَلَمْ يَقْرَأْ الْقُرْآنَ فِي لَيْلَةٍ قَطُّ وَلَمْ يَصُمْ شَهْرًا يُتِمُّهُ غَيْرَ رَمَضَانَ وَکَانَ إِذَا صَلَّی صَلَاةً دَاوَمَ عَلَيْهَا وَکَانَ إِذَا غَلَبَتْهُ عَيْنَاهُ مِنْ اللَّيْلِ بِنَوْمٍ صَلَّی مِنْ النَّهَارِ ثِنْتَيْ عَشْرَةَ رَکْعَةً قَالَ فَأَتَيْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَحَدَّثْتُهُ فَقَالَ هَذَا وَاللَّهِ هُوَ الْحَدِيثُ وَلَوْ کُنْتُ أُکَلِّمُهَا لَأَتَيْتُهَا حَتَّی أُشَافِهَهَا بِهِ مُشَافَهَةً قَالَ قُلْتُ لَوْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّکَ لَا تُکَلِّمُهَا مَا حَدَّثْتُکَ
Narrated Saad bin Hisham: I divorced my wife. I then came to Madina to sell my land that was there so that I could buy arms and fight in battle. I met a group of the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ. They said: Six persons of us intended to do so (i. e. divorce their wives and purchase weapons), but the Prophet ﷺ prohibited them. He said: For you in the Messenger of Allah there is an excellent model. I then came to Ibn Abbas and asked him about the witr observed by the Prophet ﷺ. He said: I point to you a person who is most familiar with the witr observed by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Go to Aishah. While going to her I asked Hakim bin Aflah to accompany me. He refused, but I adjured him. He, therefore, went along with me. We sought permission to enter upon Aishah. She said: Who is this ? He said: Hakim bin Aflah. She asked: Who is with you ? He replied: Saad bin Hisham. She said: Hisham son of Amir who was killed in the Battle of Uhud. I said: Yes. She said: What a good man Amir was! I said: Mother of faithful, tell me about the character of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. She asked: Do you not recite the Quran ? The character of Messenger of Allah ﷺ was the Quran. I asked: Tell me about his vigil and prayer at night. She replied: Do you not recite: "O thou folded in garments" (73: 1). I said: Why not ? When the opening of this Surah was revealed, the Companions stood praying (most of the night) until their fett swelled, and the concluding verses were not revealed for twelve months from heaven. At last the concluding verses were revealed and the prayer at night became voluntary after it was obligatory. I said: Tell me about the witr of the Prophet ﷺ. She replied: He used to pray eight rak'ahs, sitting only during the eighth of them. Then he would stand up and pray another rak'ahs. He would sit only after the eighth and the ninth rak'ahs. He would utter salutation only after the ninth rak'ah. He would then pray two rak'ahs sitting and that made eleven rak'ahs, O my son. But when he grew old and became fleshy he observed a witr of seven, sitting only in sixth and seventh rak'ahs, and would utter salutation only after the seventh rak'ah. He would then pray two rak'ahs sitting, and that made nine rak'ahs, O my son. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would not pray through a whole night, or recite the whole Quran in a night or fast a complete month except in Ramadan. When he offered prayer, he would do that regularly. When he was overtaken by sleep at night, he would pray twelve rak'ahs. The narrator said: I came to Ibn Abbas and narrated all this to him. By Allah, this is really a tradition. Has I been on speaking terms with her, I would have come to her and heard it from her mouth. I said: If I knew that you were not on speaking terms with her, I would have never narrated it to you.
سَعْدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ ← زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَوْفَى ← قَتَادَةَ ← هَمَّامٌ، ← حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ،
