حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَی بْنِ فَارِسٍ الْمَعْنَی قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الزَّهْرَانِيُّ حَدَّثَنِي مَالِکُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ مَالِکِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ قَالَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ عُمَرُ حِينَ تَعَالَی النَّهَارُ فَجِئْتُهُ فَوَجَدْتُهُ جَالِسًا عَلَی سَرِيرٍ مُفْضِيًا إِلَی رِمَالِهِ فَقَالَ حِينَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ يَا مَالِ إِنَّهُ قَدْ دَفَّ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِکَ وَإِنِّي قَدْ أَمَرْتُ فِيهِمْ بِشَيْئٍ فَأَقْسِمْ فِيهِمْ قُلْتُ لَوْ أَمَرْتَ غَيْرِي بِذَلِکَ فَقَالَ خُذْهُ فَجَائَهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَلْ لَکَ فِي عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَالزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ وَسَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا ثُمَّ جَائَهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَلْ لَکَ فِي الْعَبَّاسِ وَعَلِيٍّ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا يَعْنِي عَلِيًّا فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَجَلْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْهُمَا قَالَ مَالِکُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ خُيِّلَ إِلَيَّ أَنَّهُمَا قَدَّمَا أُولَئِکَ النَّفَرَ لِذَلِکَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ اتَّئِدَا ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَی أُولَئِکَ الرَّهْطِ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُکُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَائُ وَالْأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَکْنَا صَدَقَةٌ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَی عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُکُمَا بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَائُ وَالْأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَکْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَقَالَا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِخَاصَّةٍ لَمْ يَخُصَّ بِهَا أَحَدًا مِنْ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَی وَمَا أَفَائَ اللَّهُ عَلَی رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِکَابٍ وَلَکِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَی مَنْ يَشَائُ وَاللَّهُ عَلَی کُلِّ شَيْئٍ قَدِيرٌ وَکَانَ اللَّهُ أَفَائَ عَلَی رَسُولِهِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا اسْتَأْثَرَ بِهَا عَلَيْکُمْ وَلَا أَخَذَهَا دُونَکُمْ فَکَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهَا نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ أَوْ نَفَقَتَهُ وَنَفَقَةَ أَهْلِهِ سَنَةً وَيَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ أُسْوَةَ الْمَالِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَی أُولَئِکَ الرَّهْطِ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُکُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَائُ وَالْأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ ذَلِکَ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَی الْعَبَّاسِ وَعَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُکُمَا بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَائُ وَالْأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمَانِ ذَلِکَ قَالَا نَعَمْ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَبُو بَکْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَجِئْتَ أَنْتَ وَهَذَا إِلَی أَبِي بَکْرٍ تَطْلُبُ أَنْتَ مِيرَاثَکَ مِنْ ابْنِ أَخِيکَ وَيَطْلُبُ هَذَا مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَکْرٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَکْنَا صَدَقَةٌ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ فَوَلِيَهَا أَبُو بَکْرٍ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو بَکْرٍ قُلْتُ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَوَلِيُّ أَبِي بَکْرٍ فَوَلِيتُهَا مَا شَائَ اللَّهُ أَنْ أَلِيَهَا فَجِئْتَ أَنْتَ وَهَذَا وَأَنْتُمَا جَمِيعٌ وَأَمْرُکُمَا وَاحِدٌ فَسَأَلْتُمَانِيهَا فَقُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمَا أَنْ أَدْفَعَهَا إِلَيْکُمَا عَلَی أَنَّ عَلَيْکُمَا عَهْدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ تَلِيَاهَا بِالَّذِي کَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَلِيهَا فَأَخَذْتُمَاهَا مِنِّي عَلَی ذَلِکَ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي لِأَقْضِيَ بَيْنَکُمَا بِغَيْرِ ذَلِکَ وَاللَّهِ لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَکُمَا بِغَيْرِ ذَلِکَ حَتَّی تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَرُدَّاهَا إِلَيَّ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد إِنَّمَا سَأَلَاهُ أَنْ يَکُونَ يُصَيِّرُهُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ لَا أَنَّهُمَا جَهِلَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَکْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَإِنَّهُمَا کَانَا لَا يَطْلُبَانِ إِلَّا الصَّوَابَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لَا أُوقِعُ عَلَيْهِ اسْمَ الْقَسْمِ أَدَعُهُ عَلَی مَا هُوَ عَلَيْهِ
Narrated Malik bin Aws bin Al-Hadathan: Umar sent for me when the day rose high. I found him sitting on a couch without cover. When I entered upon him, he said: Malik, some people of you tribe gradually came here, and I have ordered to give them something, so distribute it among them. I said: If you assigned this (work) to some other person, (it would be better). He said: Take it. Then Yarfa' came to him and said: Commander of the Faithful, will you permit Uthman bin Affan, Abdur-Rahman bin Awf, al-Zubair bin al-'Awwam, and Saad b, Abi Waqqas (to enter) ? He said: Yes. So he permitted them and they entered. Yarfa' again came to him and said: Commander of the Faithful, would you permit al-Abbas and Ali ? He said: Yes. He then permitted them and they entered. Al-Abbas said: Commander of Faithful, decide between me and this, referring to Ali. Some of them said: Yes, Commander of the Faithful, decide between them and give them comfort. Malik bin Aws said: It occurred to me that both of them brought the other people for this. Umar said: Show patience (do not make haste). He then turned towards those people and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We are not inherited whatever we leave is sadaqah (alms). They said: Yes. He then turned towards Ali and al-Abbas and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We are not inherited whatever we leave is sadaqah (alms). They said: Yes. He then said: Allah has appointed for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a special portion (in the booty) which he did not do for anyone. Allah, Most High, said: What Allah has bestowed on His Messenger (and taken away) from them - for this ye made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry. But Allah gives power to His Messengers over any He pleases ; and Allah has power over all things". Allah bestowed (the property of) Banu al-Nadir on His Messenger. I swear by Allah, he did not reserve it for himself, nor did he take it over and above you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to his share for his maintenance annually, or used to take his contribution and give his family their annual contribution (from this property), then take what remained and deal with it as he did with Allah's property. He then turned towards those people and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that ? They said: Yes. He then turned towards Ali and al-Abbas and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that ? They said: Yes. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, Abu Bakr said: I am the protector of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then you and this (Ali) came to Abu Bakr, demanding a share from the inheritance of your cousin, and this (Ali) demanding the share of his wife from (the property of her) father. Abu Bakr then said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We are not inherited. Whatever we leave is sadaqah. Allah knows that he (Abu Bakr) was true, faithful, rightly-guided, and the follower of Triuth. Abu Bakr then administered it (property of the Prophet). When Abu Bakr died, I said: I am the protector of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr. So I administered whatever Allah wished. Then you and this (Ali) came. Both of you are at one, and your matter is the same. So they asked me for it (property), and I said: If you wish I give it to you on condition that you are bound by the covenant of Allah, meaning that you will administer it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to administer. So you took it from me on that condition. Then again you have come to me so that I decide between you other than that. I swear by Allah, I shall not decide between you other than that till the Last Hour comes. If you helpless, return it to me. Abu Dawud said: They asked him for making it half between them, and not that they were ignorant of the fact the Prophet ﷺ said: We are not inherited. Whatever we leave is sadaqah (alms). They were also seeking the truth. Umar then said: I do not apply the name of division to it ; It leave it on its former condition.
مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ، ← ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، ← مالک بن أنس ← بِشْرُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الزَّهْرَانِيُّ، ← مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَی بْنِ فَارِسٍ الْمَعْنَی ← الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ
Sunan Abi Dawood · Shares Of Inheritance (Kitab Al-Fara'id) › Chapter · Hadith 2963
