حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ الْحَکَمُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ بْنَ حَرْبٍ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ هِرَقْلَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ فِي رَکْبٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَکَانُوا تِجَارًا بِالشَّأْمِ فِي الْمُدَّةِ الَّتِي کَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَادَّ فِيهَا أَبَا سُفْيَانَ وَکُفَّارَ قُرَيْشٍ فَأَتَوْهُ وَهُمْ بِإِيلِيَائَ فَدَعَاهُمْ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ وَحَوْلَهُ عُظَمَائُ الرُّومِ ثُمَّ دَعَاهُمْ وَدَعَاتَرْجُمَانَهِ فَقَالَ أَيُّکُمْ أَقْرَبُ نَسَبًا بِهَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا أَقْرَبُهُمْ نَسَبًا فَقَالَ أَدْنُوهُ مِنِّي وَقَرِّبُوا أَصْحَابَهُ فَاجْعَلُوهُمْ عِنْدَ ظَهْرِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِتَرْجُمَانِهِ قُلْ لَهُمْ إِنِّي سَائِلٌ هَذَا عَنْ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ فَإِنْ کَذَبَنِي فَکَذِّبُوهُ فَوَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا الْحَيَائُ مِنْ أَنْ يَأْثِرُوا عَلَيَّ کَذِبًا لَکَذَبْتُ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ کَانَ أَوَّلَ مَا سَأَلَنِي عَنْهُ أَنْ قَالَ کَيْفَ نَسَبُهُ فِيکُمْ قُلْتُ هُوَ فِينَا ذُو نَسَبٍ قَالَ فَهَلْ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ مِنْکُمْ أَحَدٌ قَطُّ قَبْلَهُ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَهَلْ کَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مِنْ مَلِکٍ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَأَشْرَافُ النَّاسِ اتَّبِعُوَهُ أَمْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ قُلْتُ بَلْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ قَالَ أَيَزِيدُونَ أَمْ يَنْقُصُونَ قُلْتُ بَلْ يَزِيدُونَ قَالَ فَهَلْ يَرْتَدُّ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ سَخْطَةً لِدِينِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِيهِ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَهَلْ کُنْتُمْ تَتَّهِمُونَهُ بِالْکَذِبِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ مَا قَالَ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَهَلْ يَغْدِرُ قُلْتُ لَا وَنَحْنُ مِنْهُ فِي مُدَّةٍ لَا نَدْرِي مَا هُوَ فَاعِلٌ فِيهَا قَالَ وَلَمْ تُمْکِنِّي کَلِمَةٌ أُدْخِلُ فِيهَا شَيْئًا غَيْرُ هَذِهِ الْکَلِمَةِ قَالَ فَهَلْ قَاتَلْتُمُوهُ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَکَيْفَ کَانَ قِتَالُکُمْ إِيَّاهُ قُلْتُ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُ سِجَالٌ يَنَالُ مِنَّا وَنَنَالُ مِنْهُ قَالَ مَاذَا يَأْمُرُکُمْ قُلْتُ يَقُولُ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَحْدَهُ وَلَا تُشْرِکُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا وَاتْرُکُوا مَا يَقُولُ آبَاؤُکُمْ وَيَأْمُرُنَا بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالصِّدْقِ وَالْعَفَافِ وَالصِّلَةِ فَقَالَ لِلتَّرْجُمَانِ قُلْ لَهُ سَأَلْتُکَ عَنْ نَسَبِهِ فَذَکَرْتَ أَنَّهُ فِيکُمْ ذُو نَسَبٍ وَکَذَلِکَ الرُّسُلُ تُبْعَثُ فِي نَسَبِ قَوْمِهَا وَسَأَلْتُکَ هَلْ قَالَ أَحَدٌ مِنْکُمْ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ فَذَکَرْتَ أَنْ لَا قُلْتُ لَوْ کَانَ أَحَدٌ قَالَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ قَبْلَهُ لَقُلْتُ رَجُلٌ يَأْتَسِي بِقَوْلٍ قِيلَ قَبْلَهُ وَسَأَلْتُکَ هَلْ کَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مِنْ مَلِکٍ فَذَکَرْتَ أَنْ لَا فَقُلْتُ فَلَوْ کَانَ مِنْ آبَائِهِ مِنْ مَلِکٍ قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ يَطْلُبُ مُلْکَ أَبِيهِ وَسَأَلْتُکَ هَلْ کُنْتُمْ تَتَّهِمُونَهُ بِالْکَذِبِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُولَ مَا قَالَ فَذَکَرْتَ أَنْ لَا فَقَدْ أَعْرِفُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَکُنْ لِيَذَرَ الْکَذِبَ عَلَی النَّاسِ وَيَکْذِبَ عَلَی اللَّهِ وَسَأَلْتُکَ أَشْرَافُ النَّاسِ اتَّبَعُوهُ أَمْ ضُعَفَاؤُهُمْ فَذَکَرْتَ أَنَّ ضُعَفَائَهُمْ اتَّبَعُوهُ وَهُمْ أَتْبَاعُ الرُّسُلِ وَسَأَلْتُکَ أَيَزِيدُونَ أَمْ يَنْقُصُونَ فَذَکَرْتَ أَنَّهُمْ يَزِيدُونَ وَکَذَلِکَ أَمْرُ الْإِيمَانِ حَتَّی يَتِمَّ وَسَأَلْتُکَ أَيَرْتَدُّ أَحَدٌ سَخْطَةً لِدِينِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِيهِ فَذَکَرْتَ أَنْ لَا وَکَذَلِکَ الْإِيمَانُ حِينَ تُخَالِطُ بَشَاشَتُهُ الْقُلُوبَ وَسَأَلْتُکَ هَلْ يَغْدِرُ فَذَکَرْتَ أَنْ لَا وَکَذَلِکَ الرُّسُلُ لَا تَغْدِرُ وَسَأَلْتُکَ بِمَا يَأْمُرُکُمْ فَذَکَرْتَ أَنَّهُ يَأْمُرُکُمْ أَنْ تَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِکُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا وَيَنْهَاکُمْ عَنْ عِبَادَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ وَيَأْمُرُکُمْ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالصِّدْقِ وَالْعَفَافِ فَإِنْ کَانَ مَا تَقُولُ حَقًّا فَسَيَمْلِکُ مَوْضِعَ قَدَمَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ وَقَدْ کُنْتُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ خَارِجٌ وَلَمْ أَکُنْ أَظُنُّ أَنَّهُ مِنْکُمْ فَلَوْ أَنِّي أَعْلَمُ أَنِّي أَخْلُصُ إِلَيْهِ لَتَجَشَّمْتُ لِقَائَهُ وَلَوْ کُنْتُ عِنْدَهُ لَغَسَلْتُ عَنْ قَدَمَيْهِ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِکِتَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ دِحْيَةِ الکَلبْيِّ إِلَی عَظِيمِ بُصْرَی فَدَفَعَهُ عَظِيمُ بُصْرَی إِلَی هِرَقْلَ فَقَرَأَهُ فَإِذَا فِيهِ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَی هِرَقْلَ عَظِيمِ الرُّومِ سَلَامٌ عَلَی مَنْ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَی أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنِّي أَدْعُوکَ بِدِعَايَةِ الْإِسْلَامِ أَسْلِمْ تَسْلَمْ يُؤْتِکَ اللَّهُ أَجْرَکَ مَرَّتَيْنِ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْکَ إِثْمَ الْيَرِيسِيِّينَ وَ يَا أَهْلَ الْکِتَابِ تَعَالَوْا إِلَی کَلِمَةٍ سَوَائٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَکُمْ أَنْ لَا نَعْبُدَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَلَا نُشْرِکَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَقُولُوا اشْهَدُوا بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فَلَمَّا قَالَ مَا قَالَ وَفَرَغَ مِنْ قِرَائَةِ الْکِتَابِ کَثُرَ عِنْدَهُ الصَّخَبُ فَارْتَفَعَتِ الْأَصْوَاتُ وَأُخْرِجْنَا فَقُلْتُ لِأَصْحَابِي حِينَ أُخْرِجْنَا لَقَدْ أَمِرَ أَمْرُ ابْنِ أَبِي کَبْشَةَ إِنَّهُ يَخَافُهُ مَلِکُ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ فَمَا زِلْتُ مُوقِنًا أَنَّهُ سَيَظْهَرُ حَتَّی أَدْخَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ الْإِسْلَامَ وَکَانَ ابْنُ النَّاطُورِ صَاحِبُ إِيلِيَائَ وَهِرَقْلَ سُقُفَّ عَلَی نَصَارَی الشَّأْمِ يُحَدِّثُ أَنَّ هِرَقْلَ حِينَ قَدِمَ إِيلِيَائَ أَصْبَحَ يَوْمًا خَبِيثَ النَّفْسِ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ بَطَارِقَتِهِ قَدْ اسْتَنْکَرْنَا هَيَأْتَکَ قَالَ ابْنُ النَّاطُورِ وَکَانَ هِرَقْلُ حَزَّائً يَنْظُرُ فِي النُّجُومِ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ حِينَ سَأَلُوهُ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ اللَّيْلَةَ حِينَ نَظَرْتُ فِي النُّجُومِ مَلِکَ الْخِتَانِ قَدْ ظَهَرَ فَمَنْ يَخْتَتِنُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ قَالُوا لَيْسَ يَخْتَتِنُ إِلَّا الْيَهُودُ فَلَا يُهِمَّنَّکَ شَأْنُهُمْ وَاکْتُبْ إِلَی مَدَايِنِ مُلْکِکَ فَيَقْتُلُوا مَنْ فِيهِمْ مِنْ الْيَهُودِ فَبَيْنَا هُمْ عَلَی أَمْرِهِمْ أُتِيَ هِرَقْلُ بِرَجُلٍ أَرْسَلَ بِهِ مَلِکُ غَسَّانَ يُخْبِرُ عَنْ خَبَرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَمَّا اسْتَخْبَرَهُ هِرَقْلُ قَالَ اذْهَبُوا فَانْظُرُوا أَمُخْتَتِنٌ هُوَ أَمْ لَا فَنَظَرُوا إِلَيْهِ فَحَدَّثُوهُ أَنَّهُ مُخْتَتِنٌ وَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ الْعَرَبِ فَقَالَ هُمْ يَخْتَتِنُونَ فَقَالَ هِرَقْلُ هَذَا مُلْکُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ قَدْ ظَهَرَ ثُمَّ کَتَبَ هِرَقْلُ إِلَی صَاحِبٍ لَهُ بِرُومِيَةَ وَکَانَ نَظِيرَهُ فِي الْعِلْمِ وَسَارَ هِرَقْلُ إِلَی حِمْصَ فَلَمْ يَرِمْ حِمْصَ حَتَّی أَتَاهُ کِتَابٌ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ يُوَافِقُ رَأْيَ هِرَقْلَ عَلَی خُرُوجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ فَأَذِنَ هِرَقْلُ لِعُظَمَائِ الرُّومِ فِي دَسْکَرَةٍ لَهُ بِحِمْصَ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِأَبْوَابِهَا فَغُلِّقَتْ ثُمَّ اطَّلَعَ فَقَالَ يَا مَعْشَرَ الرُّومِ هَلْ لَکُمْ فِي الْفَلَاحِ وَالرُّشْدِ وَأَنْ يَثْبُتَ مُلْکُکُمْ فَتُبَايِعُوا هَذَا النَّبِيَّ فَحَاصُوا حَيْصَةَ حُمُرِ الْوَحْشِ إِلَی الْأَبْوَابِ فَوَجَدُوهَا قَدْ غُلِّقَتْ فَلَمَّا رَأَی هِرَقْلُ نَفْرَتَهُمْ وَأَيِسَ مِنْ الْإِيمَانِ قَالَ رُدُّوهُمْ عَلَيَّ وَقَالَ إِنِّي قُلْتُ مَقَالَتِي آنِفًا أَخْتَبِرُ بِهَا شِدَّتَکُمْ عَلَی دِينِکُمْ فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ فَسَجَدُوا لَهُ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ فَکَانَ ذَلِکَ آخِرَ شَأْنِ هِرَقْلَ قَالَ أبُوعَبْدِ اللهِ رَوَاهُ صَالِحُ بْنُ کَيْسَانَ وَيُونُسُ وَمَعْمَرٌ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ
Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas: Abu Sufyan bin Harb informed me that Heraclius had sent a messenger to him while he had been accompanying a caravan from Quraish. They were merchants doing business in Sham (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan), at the time when Allah's Apostle had truce with Abu Sufyan and Quraish infidels. So Abu Sufyan and his companions went to Heraclius at Ilya (Jerusalem). Heraclius called them in the court and he had all the senior Roman dignitaries around him. He called for his translator who, translating Heraclius's question said to them, "Who amongst you is closely related to that man who claims to be a Prophet?" Abu Sufyan replied, "I am the nearest relative to him (amongst the group)." Heraclius said, "Bring him (Abu Sufyan) close to me and make his companions stand behind him." Abu Sufyan added, Heraclius told his translator to tell my companions that he wanted to put some questions to me regarding that man (The Prophet) and that if I told a lie they (my companions) should contradict me." Abu Sufyan added, "By Allah! Had I not been afraid of my companions labeling me a liar, I would not have spoken the truth about the Prophet. The first question he asked me about him was: 'What is his family status amongst you?' I replied, 'He belongs to a good (noble) family amongst us.' Heraclius further asked, 'Has anybody amongst you ever claimed the same (i.e. to be a Prophet) before him?' I replied, 'No.' He said, 'Was anybody amongst his ancestors a king?' I replied, 'No.' Heraclius asked, 'Do the nobles or the poor follow him?' I replied, 'It is the poor who follow him.' He said, 'Are his followers increasing decreasing (day by day)?' I replied, 'They are increasing.' He then asked, 'Does anybody amongst those who embrace his religion become displeased and renounce the religion afterwards?' I replied, 'No.' Heraclius said, 'Have you ever accused him of telling lies before his claim (to be a Prophet)?' I replied, 'No. ' Heraclius said, 'Does he break his promises?' I replied, 'No. We are at truce with him but we do not know what he will do in it.' I could not find opportunity to say anything against him except that. Heraclius asked, 'Have you ever had a war with him?' I replied, 'Yes.' Then he said, 'What was the outcome of the battles?' I replied, 'Sometimes he was victorious and sometimes we.' Heraclius said, 'What does he order you to do?' I said, 'He tells us to worship Allah and Allah alone and not to worship anything along with Him, and to renounce all that our ancestors had said. He orders us to pray, to speak the truth, to be chaste and to keep good relations with our Kith and kin.' Heraclius asked the translator to convey to me the following, I asked you about his family and your reply was that he belonged to a very noble family. In fact all the Apostles come from noble families amongst their respective peoples. I questioned you whether anybody else amongst you claimed such a thing, your reply was in the negative. If the answer had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man was following the previous man's statement. Then I asked you whether anyone of his ancestors was a king. Your reply was in the negative, and if it had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man wanted to take back his ancestral kingdom. I further asked whether he was ever accused of telling lies before he said what he said, and your reply was in the negative. So I wondered how a person who does not tell a lie about others could ever tell a lie about Allah. I, then asked you whether the rich people followed him or the poor. You replied that it was the poor who followed him. And in fact all the Apostle have been followed by this very class of people. Then I asked you whether his followers were increasing or decreasing. You replied that they were increasing, and in fact this is the way of true faith, till it is complete in all respects. I further asked you whether there was anybody, who, after embracing his religion, became displeased and discarded his religion. Your reply was in the negative, and in fact this is (the sign of) true faith, when its delight enters the hearts and mixes with them completely. I asked you whether he had ever betrayed. You replied in the negative and likewise the Apostles never betray. Then I asked you what he ordered you to do. You replied that he ordered you to worship Allah and Allah alone and not to worship any thing along with Him and forbade you to worship idols and ordered you to pray, to speak the truth and to be chaste. If what you have said is true, he will very soon occupy this place underneath my feet and I knew it (from the scriptures) that he was going to appear but I did not know that he would be from you, and if I could reach him definitely, I would go immediately to meet him and if I were with him, I would certainly wash his feet.' Heraclius then asked for the letter addressed by Allah's Apostle which was delivered by Dihya to the Governor of Busra, who forwarded it to Heraclius to read. The contents of the letter were as follows: "In the name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful (This letter is) from Muhammad the slave of Allah and His Apostle to Heraclius the ruler of Byzantine. Peace be upon him, who follows the right path. Furthermore I invite you to Islam, and if you become a Muslim you will be safe, and Allah will double your reward, and if you reject this invitation of Islam you will be committing a sin by misguiding your Arisiyin (peasants). (And I recite to you Allah's Statement:) 'O people of the scripture! Come to a word common to you and us that we worship none but Allah and that we associate nothing in worship with Him, and that none of us shall take others as Lords beside Allah. Then, if they turn away, say: Bear witness that we are Muslims (those who have surrendered to Allah).' (3:64). Abu Sufyan then added, "When Heraclius had finished his speech and had read the letter, there was a great hue and cry in the Royal Court. So we were turned out of the court. I told my companions that the question of Ibn-Abi-Kabsha) (the Prophet Muhammad) has become so prominent that even the King of Bani Al-Asfar (Byzantine) is afraid of him. Then I started to become sure that he (the Prophet) would be the conqueror in the near future till I embraced Islam (i.e. Allah guided me to it)." The sub narrator adds, "Ibn An-Natur was the Governor of llya' (Jerusalem) and Heraclius was the head of the Christians of Sham. Ibn An-Natur narrates that once while Heraclius was visiting ilya' (Jerusalem), he got up in the morning with a sad mood. Some of his priests asked him why he was in that mood? Heraclius was a foreteller and an astrologer. He replied, 'At night when I looked at the stars, I saw that the leader of those who practice circumcision had appeared (become the conqueror). Who are they who practice circumcision?' The people replied, 'Except the Jews nobody practices circumcision, so you should not be afraid of them (Jews). 'Just Issue orders to kill every Jew present in the country.' While they were discussing it, a messenger sent by the king of Ghassan to convey the news of Allah's Apostle to Heraclius was brought in. Having heard the news, he (Heraclius) ordered the people to go and see whether the messenger of Ghassan was circumcised. The people, after seeing him, told Heraclius that he was circumcised. Heraclius then asked him about the Arabs. The messenger replied, 'Arabs also practice circumcision.' (After hearing that) Heraclius remarked that sovereignty of the 'Arabs had appeared. Heraclius then wrote a letter to his friend in Rome who was as good as Heraclius in knowledge. Heraclius then left for Homs. (a town in Syrian and stayed there till he received the reply of his letter from his friend who agreed with him in his opinion about the emergence of the Prophet and the fact that he was a Prophet. On that Heraclius invited all the heads of the Byzantines to assemble in his palace at Homs. When they assembled, he ordered that all the doors of his palace be closed. Then he came out and said, 'O Byzantines! If success is your desire and if you seek right guidance and want your empire to remain then give a pledge of allegiance to this Prophet (i.e. embrace Islam).' (On hearing the views of Heraclius) the people ran towards the gates of the palace like onagers but found the doors closed. Heraclius realized their hatred towards Islam and when he lost the hope of their embracing Islam, he ordered that they should be brought back in audience. (When they returned) he said, 'What already said was just to test the strength of your conviction and I have seen it.' The people prostrated before him and became pleased with him, and this was the end of Heraclius's story (in connection with his faith).
عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ← الزُّهْرِيِّ، ← شُعَيْبٌ، ← أَبُو الْيَمَانِ الْحَکَمُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ
