أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ يَحْيَی بْنِ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا مَحْبُوبٌ قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَقَ عَنْ شَرِيکٍ عَنْ خُصَيْفٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ الْخُمُسُ الَّذِي لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ کَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَرَابَتِهِ لَا يَأْکُلُونَ مِنْ الصَّدَقَةِ شَيْئًا فَکَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خُمُسُ الْخُمُسِ وَلِذِي قَرَابَتِهِ خُمُسُ الْخُمُسِ وَلِلْيَتَامَی مِثْلُ ذَلِکَ وَلِلْمَسَاکِينِ مِثْلُ ذَلِکَ وَلِابْنِ السَّبِيلِ مِثْلُ ذَلِکَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْد الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْئٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَی وَالْيَتَامَی وَالْمَسَاکِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَقَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِلَّهِ ابْتِدَائُ کَلَامٍ لِأَنَّ الْأَشْيَائَ کُلَّهَا لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَلَعَلَّهُ إِنَّمَا اسْتَفْتَحَ الْکَلَامَ فِي الْفَيْئِ وَالْخُمُسِ بِذِکْرِ نَفْسِهِ لِأَنَّهَا أَشْرَفُ الْکَسْبِ وَلَمْ يَنْسِبْ الصَّدَقَةَ إِلَی نَفْسِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِأَنَّهَا أَوْسَاخُ النَّاسِ وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَی أَعْلَمُ وَقَدْ قِيلَ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْ الْغَنِيمَةِ شَيْئٌ فَيُجْعَلُ فِي الْکَعْبَةِ وَهُوَ السَّهْمُ الَّذِي لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَسَهْمُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَی الْإِمَامِ يَشْتَرِي الْکُرَاعَ مِنْهُ وَالسِّلَاحَ وَيُعْطِي مِنْهُ مَنْ رَأَی مِمَّنْ رَأَی فِيهِ غَنَائً وَمَنْفَعَةً لِأَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَمِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ وَالْعِلْمِ وَالْفِقْهِ وَالْقُرْآنِ وَسَهْمٌ لِذِي الْقُرْبَی وَهُمْ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ وَبَنُو الْمُطَّلِبِ بَيْنَهُمْ الْغَنِيُّ مِنْهُمْ وَالْفَقِيرُ وَقَدْ قِيلَ إِنَّهُ لِلْفَقِيرِ مِنْهُمْ دُونَ الْغَنِيِّ کَالْيَتَامَی وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَهُوَ أَشْبَهُ الْقَوْلَيْنِ بِالصَّوَابِ عِنْدِي وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَی أَعْلَمُ وَالصَّغِيرُ وَالْکَبِيرُ وَالذَّکَرُ وَالْأُنْثَی سَوَائٌ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ جَعَلَ ذَلِکَ لَهُمْ وَقَسَّمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِمْ وَلَيْسَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّهُ فَضَّلَ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَی بَعْضٍ وَلَا خِلَافَ نَعْلَمُهُ بَيْنَ الْعُلَمَائِ فِي رَجُلٍ لَوْ أَوْصَی بِثُلُثِهِ لِبَنِي فُلَانٍ أَنَّهُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَنَّ الذَّکَرَ وَالْأُنْثَی فِيهِ سَوَائٌ إِذَا کَانُوا يُحْصَوْنَ فَهَکَذَا کُلُّ شَيْئٍ صُيِّرَ لِبَنِي فُلَانٍ أَنَّهُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُبَيِّنَ ذَلِکَ الْآمِرُ بِهِ وَاللَّهُ وَلِيُّ التَّوْفِيقِ وَسَهْمٌ لِلْيَتَامَی مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَسَهْمٌ لِلْمَسَاکِينِ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَسَهْمٌ لِابْنِ السَّبِيلِ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَا يُعْطَی أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ سَهْمُ مِسْکِينٍ وَسَهْمُ ابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَقِيلَ لَهُ خُذْ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ وَالْأَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسٍ يَقْسِمُهَا الْإِمَامُ بَيْنَ مَنْ حَضَرَ الْقِتَالَ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْبَالِغِينَ
It was narrated that Mujahid said: “The Khumus that is for Allah and His Messenger was for the Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم and His relatives; they did not take anything from the Sadaqah. The Prophet صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم was allocated one-fifth of the Khumus; his relatives were allocated one- fifth of the Khumus; the same was allocated to orphans, the poor and the wayfarers.” (Da‘if) Abu ‘Abdur-Rahman (An-Nasa’i) said: Allah, the Majestic is He and praised, said: “And know that whatever of spoils of war that you may gain, verily, one-fifth of it is assigned to Allah, and to the Messenger, and to the near relatives (of the Messenger (Muhammad)), (and also) the orphans, Al-Masakin (the poor) and the wayfarer.”W His, the Mighty and Sublime, saying to Allah starts the speech since everything is of Allah, the Mighty and Sublime. And perhaps He only opened His speech about the Fay’ and the Khumus, mentioning Himself, because that is the noblest of earnings. And He did not attribute Sadaqah to Himself, the Mighty and Sublime, because that is the dirt of people. And Allah knows best. It was said that something should be taken from the spoils of war and placed inside the Ka’bah, and this is the share that is for Allah, the Mighty and Sublime. The share of the Messenger is to be given to the imdm to buy horses and weapons, and to give to whomever he thinks will benefit the people of Islam, and to the people of Hadith, knowledge, Fiqh and the Qur’an. The share that is for near relatives should be given to Banu Hashim and Banu Al-Muttalib, rich and poor alike, or it was said that it should be given to the poor among them and not to the rich, such as orphans and wayfarers. This is the view that is more appropriate in my view, and Allah knows best. And the young and the old, male and female, are equal in that, because Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, has allocated it to them and the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم distributed it among them, and there is nothing in the Hadith to indicate that he preferred some of them over others. And there is no scholarly dispute, as far as we know, to suggest that if a man bequeaths one-third of his wealth to such and such a tribe, to be distributed out among them equally, that it should be done otherwise, unless the giver stipulated otherwise. Arid Allah is the source of strength. And (there is) a share for the orphans among the Muslims, and a share for the poor among the Muslims, and a share for the wayfarers among the Muslims. No one should be given both a share for the poor and a share for the wayfarer; it is to be said to him: “Take whichever of them you want.” And the other four-fifths are to be divided by the irnain among those adult Muslims who were present in the battle. (Da’if)
مُجَاهِدٍ ← خُصَيْفٍ ← شَرِيکٍ ← أَبُو إِسْحَقَ ← محبوب ← عَمْرُو بْنُ يَحْيَی بْنِ الْحَارِثِ
