حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَی بْنِ فَارِسٍ أَنَّ الْحَکَمَ بْنَ نَافِعٍ حَدَّثَهُمْ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ کَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِکٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَکَانَ أَحَدَ الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ تِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَکَانَ کَعْبُ بْنُ الْأَشْرَفِ يَهْجُو النَّبِيَّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيُحَرِّضُ عَلَيْهِ کُفَّارَ قُرَيْشٍ وَکَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَأَهْلُهَا أَخْلَاطٌ مِنْهُمْ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَالْمُشْرِکُونَ يَعْبُدُونَ الْأَوْثَانَ وَالْيَهُودُ وَکَانُوا يُؤْذُونَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ نَبِيَّهُ بِالصَّبْرِ وَالْعَفْوِ فَفِيهِمْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنْ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْکِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِکُمْ الْآيَةَ فَلَمَّا أَبَی کَعْبُ بْنُ الْأَشْرَفِ أَنْ يَنْزِعَ عَنْ أَذَی النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ رَهْطًا يَقْتُلُونَهُ فَبَعَثَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ وَذَکَرَ قِصَّةَ قَتْلِهِ فَلَمَّا قَتَلُوهُ فَزَعَتْ الْيَهُودُ وَالْمُشْرِکُونَ فَغَدَوْا عَلَی النَّبِيِّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالُوا طُرِقَ صَاحِبُنَا فَقُتِلَ فَذَکَرَ لَهُمْ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّذِي کَانَ يَقُولُ وَدَعَاهُمْ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَی أَنْ يَکْتُبَ بَيْنَهُ کِتَابًا يَنْتَهُونَ إِلَی مَا فِيهِ فَکَتَبَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَامَّةً صَحِيفَةً
سنن ابودوٗد · Hadith 3000
Kaab bin Malik who was one of those whose repentance was accepted said “Kaab bin Al Ashraf used to satire the Prophet ﷺ and incited the infidels of the Quraish against him. When the Prophet ﷺ came to Madeena, its people were intermixed, some of them were Muslims and others polytheists aho worshipped idols and some were Jews. They used to hurt the Prophet ﷺ and his Companions. Then Allaah Most High commanded His Prophet to show patience and forgiveness. So Allaah revealed about them “And ye shall certainly hear much that will grieve you from those who receive Book before you”. When Kaab bin Al Ashraf refused to desist from hurting the Prophet ﷺ the Prophet ﷺ ordered Saad bin Muadh to send a band to kill him. He sent Muhammad bin Maslamah and mentioned the story of his murder. When they killed him, the Jews and the polytheist were frightened. Next day they came to the Prophet ﷺ and said “Our Companions were attacked and night and killed. ” The Prophet ﷺ informed them about that which he would say. The Prophet ﷺ then called them so that he could write a deed of agreement between him and them and they should fulfill its provisions and desist from hurting him. He then wrote a deed of agreement between him and them and the Muslims in general. ”
Translated by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan · Reviewed by Islamic University of Madinah · Published March 2020