أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَعِيلُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عِکْرِمَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ مَالِکِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ قَالَ جَائَ الْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيٌّ إِلَی عُمَرَ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا فَقَالَ النَّاسُ افْصِلْ بَيْنَهُمَا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لَا أَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمَا قَدْ عَلِمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَکْنَا صَدَقَةٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ وَلِيَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا قُوتَ أَهْلِهِ وَجَعَلَ سَائِرَهُ سَبِيلَهُ سَبِيلَ الْمَالِ ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا أَبُو بَکْرٍ بَعْدَهُ ثُمَّ وُلِّيتُهَا بَعْدَ أَبِي بَکْرٍ فَصَنَعْتَ فِيهَا الَّذِي کَانَ يَصْنَعُ ثُمَّ أَتَيَانِي فَسَأَلَانِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِمَا عَلَی أَنْ يَلِيَاهَا بِالَّذِي وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالَّذِي وَلِيَهَا بِهِ أَبُو بَکْرٍ وَالَّذِي وُلِّيتُهَا بِهِ فَدَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمَا وَأَخَذْتُ عَلَی ذَلِکَ عُهُودَهُمَا ثُمَّ أَتَيَانِي يَقُولُ هَذَا اقْسِمْ لِي بِنَصِيبِي مِنْ ابْنِ أَخِي وَيَقُولُ هَذَا اقْسِمْ لِي بِنَصِيبِي مِنْ امْرَأَتِي وَإِنْ شَائَا أَنْ أَدْفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِمَا عَلَی أَنْ يَلِيَاهَا بِالَّذِي وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالَّذِي وَلِيَهَا بِهِ أَبُو بَکْرٍ وَالَّذِي وُلِّيتُهَا بِهِ دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمَا وَإِنْ أَبَيَا کُفِيَا ذَلِکَ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْئٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَی وَالْيَتَامَی وَالْمَسَاکِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ هَذَا لِهَؤُلَائِ إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَائِ وَالْمَسَاکِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ هَذِهِ لِهَؤُلَائِ وَمَا أَفَائَ اللَّهُ عَلَی رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِکَابٍ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ هَذِهِ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَاصَّةً قُرًی عَرَبِيَّةً فَدْکُ کَذَا وَکَذَا فَ مَا أَفَائَ اللَّهُ عَلَی رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَی فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَی وَالْيَتَامَی وَالْمَسَاکِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَ لِلْفُقَرَائِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّئُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ وَالَّذِينَ جَائُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ فَاسْتَوْعَبَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ النَّاسَ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا لَهُ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ حَقٌّ أَوْ قَالَ حَظٌّ إِلَّا بَعْضَ مَنْ تَمْلِکُونَ مِنْ أَرِقَّائِکُمْ وَلَئِنْ عِشْتُ إِنْ شَائَ اللَّهُ لَيَأْتِيَنَّ عَلَی کُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ حَقُّهُ أَوْ قَالَ حَظُّهُ
سنن نسائی · Hadith 4163
It was narrated that Malik bin Aws bin Al-Hadathan said: “Al-’Abbas and ‘Ali came to ‘Umar with a dispute. Al-’Abbas said: ‘Pass judgment between him and I.’ The people said: ‘Pass judgment between them.’ ‘Umar said: ‘I will not pass judgment between them. They know that the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم said: We are not inherited from, what we leave behind is charity. He said: And (in his narration of it) Az-Zuhri said: ‘It (the Khumus) was under the control of the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم and he took provision for himself and for his family from it…………(incomplete)……???…..do not have to worry about it.’ Then he said: ‘And know that whatever of spoils of war that you may gain, verily, one-fifth of it is assigned to Allah, and to the Messenger, and to the near relatives (of the Messenger (Muhammad)), (and also) the orphans, Al-MasakIn (the poor) and the wayfarer’ (Al-Anfál 🙂 — this is for them. ‘As-Sadaqat (here it means Zakah) are only for the Fuqará’ (poor), and Al-MasakIn (the poor) and those employed to collect (the funds); and to attract the hearts of those who have been inclined (toward Islam); and to free the captives; and for those in debt; and for Allah’s cause (i.e. for MujahidC,n — those fighting in a holy battle)’ — this is for them. ‘And what Allah gave as booty (Fay’) to His Messenger (Muhammad) from them — for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or cames.’ Az Zuhri said: This applies exclusively to the Messenger of Allah صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم and refers to an ‘Arab village called Fadak, and so on. What Allah gave as booty (Fay’) to His Messenger (Muhammad) from the people of the townships — it is for Allah, His Messenger (Muhammad), the kindred (of Messenger Muhammad), the orphans, Al MasakIn (the poor), and the wayfarer (And there is also a share in this booty) for the poor emigrants, who were expelled from their homes and their property And (it is also for) those who, before them, had homes (in Al Madinah) and had adopted the Faith And those who came after them These Verses apply to all the people. There is no one left among the Muslims but he has some right to this wealth, except for some of the slaves whom you own. If I live, if Allah wills, I will give every Muslim his right.” Or he said: “His share.” (Sahih)
Translated by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan · Reviewed by Islamic University of Madinah · Published March 2020