حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّی وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ وَاللَّفْظُ لِابْنِ الْمُثَنَّی قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ غَيْلَانَ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَعْبَدٍ الزِّمَّانِيَّ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِهِ قَالَ فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّی اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ رَضِينَا بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولًا وَبِبَيْعَتِنَا بَيْعَةً قَالَ فَسُئِلَ عَنْ صِيَامِ الدَّهْرِ فَقَالَ لَا صَامَ وَلَا أَفْطَرَ أَوْ مَا صَامَ وَمَا أَفْطَرَ قَالَ فَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمَيْنِ وَإِفْطَارِ يَوْمٍ قَالَ وَمَنْ يُطِيقُ ذَلِکَ قَالَ وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمٍ وَإِفْطَارِ يَوْمَيْنِ قَالَ لَيْتَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَوَّانَا لِذَلِکَ قَالَ وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمٍ وَإِفْطَارِ يَوْمٍ قَالَ ذَاکَ صَوْمُ أَخِي دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام قَالَ وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ الِاثْنَيْنِ قَالَ ذَاکَ يَوْمٌ وُلِدْتُ فِيهِ وَيَوْمٌ بُعِثْتُ أَوْ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيَّ فِيهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ صَوْمُ ثَلَاثَةٍ مِنْ کُلِّ شَهْرٍ وَرَمَضَانَ إِلَی رَمَضَانَ صَوْمُ الدَّهْرِ قَالَ وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ فَقَالَ يُکَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ الْمَاضِيَةَ وَالْبَاقِيَةَ قَالَ وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَائَ فَقَالَ يُکَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ الْمَاضِيَةَ وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ الِاثْنَيْنِ وَالْخَمِيسِ فَسَکَتْنَا عَنْ ذِکْرِ الْخَمِيسِ لَمَّا نُرَاهُ وَهْمًا
صحیح مسلم · Hadith 2747
Abu Qatada reported that a person came to the Messenger of Allah ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) and said: How do you fast? The Messenger of Allah ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) felt annoyed. When 'Umar (Allah be pleased with him) noticed his annoyance, he said: We are well pleased with Allah as our Lord, with Islam as our code of life, and with Muhammad as our Prophet. We seek refuge with Allah from the anger of Allah and that of His Messenger. 'Umar kept on repeating these words till his (the Prophet's) anger calmed down. Then Umar said: Messenger of Allah, what is the position of one who fasts perpetually? He ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) said: He neither fasted nor broke it, or he said: He did not fast and he did not break it. 'Umar said: What about him who fasts for two days and does not fast one day? He ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) said: Is anyone capable of doing that? He ('Umar) said: What is the position of him who fasts for a day and doesn't fast on the other day? Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: That is the fast of David (peace be upon him). He ('Umar) said: What about him who fasts one day and doesn't fast for two days. Thereupon he (the Messenger of Allah) said: I wish I were given the strength to do that. Thereafter he ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) said: Fasting three days every month and that of Ramadan every year is a perpetual fasting. I seek from Allah that fasting on the day of 'Arafa may atone for the sins of the preceding and the coming years, and I seek from Allah that fasting on the day of Ashura may atone for the sins of the preceding year.
Translated by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan · Reviewed by Islamic University of Madinah · Published March 2020