أَخْبَرَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: أَخَذْتُ هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ عَنْ نَفَرٍ حَفِظَ مُعَاذٌ مِنْهُمْ وَمُجَاهِدٌ وَالْحَسَنُ وَالضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ} [البقرة: 178] الآيَةَ، قَالَ: كَانَ عَلَى أَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَنْ يُقَادَ بِهَا، وَلا يُعْفَى عَنْهُ وَلا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ الدِّيَةُ. وَفُرِضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الإِنْجِيلِ أَنْ يُعْفَى عَنْهُ وَلا يُقْتَلُ وَرُخِّصَ لأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ الدِّيَةَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ عَفَا فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ} [البقرة: 178] . يَقُولُ: الدِّيَةُ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِذْ جَعَلَ الدِّيَةَ وَلا يُقْتَلُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: {فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [البقرة: 178] .وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: {وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ} [البقرة: 179] يَنْتَهِي بِهَا بَعْضُكُمْ عَنْ بَعْضٍ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ.
مسند امام شافی · Hadith 1634
Tell us forbid bin Musa, for Bakir bin known, for a fighter Ben Hayan, a fighter said: I took this interpretation from a group keeping forbid them Mujahid Hassan and Dahhaak bin Muzahim in the words of Almighty God: {it is pardoned him from his brother something followers of Virtue [Baqarah: 178] The verse said: It was for the people of the Torah who killed a soul without a soul to be led by it, and it would not be forgiven or accepted from it. And impose on the people of the Gospel that is excused, does not kill and licenses for the nation of Muhammad peace be upon him willing killed, if he wishes to take blood money if he wishes he pardoned it is the verse: so ease your Lord and mercy [Baqarah: 178]. Says blood money relieve God as making blood money does not kill, and then said: {it is attacked after that hath a painful punishment.} [Al-Baqarah: 178]. He said in saying: {And you in retribution life} [Al-Baqarah: 179] ends one another for Some fear that he will be killed.
Translated by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan · Reviewed by Islamic University of Madinah · Published March 2020